Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLS) producing enterobacteriaceae in Kano, Nigeria

Abstract

One thousand one hundred and fifty one (1151) bacterial isolates, four hundred and four (404) obtained from Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) and seven hundred and forty seven (747) obtained from Muhammad Abdullahi Wase specialist Hospital (Nassarawa), Kano, Nigeria, were subjected to Gram staining reactions. Gram negative isolates were subjected to biochemical characterization using standard procedures. All confirmed enterobacteriaceae isolates were subjected to screening for extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint. Suspected ESBLs producers were subjected to Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) using standard discs of Augmentin {(AMC 30μg (Oxoid, England)}, Cephotaxime (Ce 30 μg) and Ceftazidime (Ca 30μg) {Hi-Media, India. Of the 815 Gram negative isolates, 795 (77.55%) were members of enterobacteriaceae family. These include; Citrobacter species 47 (5.77%), Enterobacter species 32 (3.93%), E. coli 272 (33.37%), Klebsiella species 118 (14.48%), Proteus species 139 (17.05%), Providencia species 8 (0.98%), Salmonella species 175 (21.47%), Shigella species 4 (0.49%). Among the enterobacteriaceae isolates screened, the results of CLSI breakpoint test showed that 82 (10.31%) were ESBLs producers of which only 44(5.53%) were confirmed ESBLs producers using DDST. These include; Citrobacter species 2 (4.23%), Enterobacter species 1 (3.13%), Escherichia coli 13 (4.78%), Klebsiella species 9 (7.63%), Proteus species 6 (4.32%) and Salmonella species 13 (7.43%).