Atherogenic indices, Cardiovascular risk index of serum, and alteration in lipid profile in organs of experimental diabetic rats treated with extracts of Spondiasmombin leaves

Abstract

Long term dyslipidaemia resulting from diabetes mellitus increases the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).The risk of CVD was assessed in this study by monitoring the serum lipid profile, comparing the total cholesterol to HDL-c ratio(cardiovascular risk ratio) and assessing the atherogenic lipoprotein profile of serum LDL-c to HDL-c ratio(atherogenic index), also, fasting blood glucose level, organ and body weight changes was also monitored in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated with extracts of Spondiasmombin. The study involved 30 male Albino Wister rats randomly divided into 5 groups (group A-E) of six rats each. Group A served as the normal control, group B was the diabetic control group, group C-E were diabetic rats treated with standard drug glibenclamide, ethanol extract and aqueous extract respectively for 12 weeks. Results obtained revealed that ethanol and aqueous extract was able to restore the absolute organ and body weight changes seen in the diabetic control rats. Also a significant reduction in cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic index and atherogenic coefficient values seen in the extract treated rats when compared with the diabetic control group. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in blood glucose level was also seen in the extracts treated groups from the 4^th week. The study concluded that both extract can be used in the treatment of cardiovascular related symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus.