GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Fractions of Terminalia avicennoides, Bombax buopodezense Barks and Lipid Profile of Trypanosoma brucei Infected Wistar Rats

Abstract

Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of trypanosomiasis in livestock also possesses the ability to reoccur in disease conditions thereby increasing the trouble of ill health and if not treated on time could cause great losses to man. A comparative study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of different fractions of the extracts of Terminalia avicennoides and Bombax buopodezense on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected wistar rats. The plants extract were fractionated using different solvents by chromatography technique. Seventy two male wistar albino rats weighing between 120-140gm were randomly distributed into fourteen (14) groups (A-N) of five rats each. The effect of treatment on parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), organ-body weight ratio, Lipid profile indices and extension in the days of survival were monitored.  The infection caused a gradual decline in the values of packed cell volume (PCV) in infected groups; treatments with bioassay-guided fractions of the two plants resulted in reduction in parasitaemia, but were not curative. The group treated with crude extract of Terminalia avicennoides significantly (P<0.05) resulted in suppression of parasitemia, and prolongation of lifespan. The fractions of the plants showed reduced values of serum cholesterol, VLDL, HDL cholesterol and LDL, which suggest a low risk of cardiovascular disease. The GC-MS chromatogram of the aqueous extract of Terminalia avicennoides showed 30 peaks indicating the presence of thirty phytochemical constituents. On comparison of the mass spectra of the constituents with the NIST library the thirty phytoconstituents were characterized and identified. Similarly the GC-MS chromatogram of the aqueous extract of Bombax buopodezense showed 20 peaks indicating the presence of twenty phytochemical constituents. On comparison of the mass spectra of the constituents with the NIST library the twenty phytoconstituents were characterized and identified.