Plasmid-borne Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Litter: Implication for Crop Production
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in poultry manure and implication for crop quality was investigated in this study. Poultry litter samples obtained from Delta State University farms located in Abraka (farm A) and Anwai (farm
B) campuses were used in this study. Bacterial isolates were identified by cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics following standard methods. The distribution of bacteria from poultry litter was
Escherichia coli (26.17 %), which was the most predominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (11.41 %), Streptococcus pyogenes (10.74 %), Aeromonas hydrophilia (10.07 %), klebsiella pneumonia (8.72 %),
Enterobacter aerogenes (8.05 %), Proteus mirabilis (6.71 %) Listeria monocytogenes (6.04 %), Bacillus cereus (5.37 %), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (3.36 %) and Salmonela enterica (3.36 %). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out on all isolates against 19 different antibiotics using disc diffusion methods. In order to determine the role plasmids play in resistance, curing tests were performed using Sodium dodecyl sulfate as the curing agent. The total bacterial count ranged from 5.0 x 10 -4 - 9.9 x 10 -4 cfu/g in farm A and 1.5 x 10 -4 - 8.0 x 10 -4 cfu/g in farm B. All bacterial isolates were multi-drug resistant but none of the isolates (0.00 %) were found to be resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Result also indicated that all isolates haboured resistance to one or more antibiotics on the plasmid. Poultry litters were found to contain a diversity of pathogens that haboured antibiotic resistance on plasmids. Fruits and vegetables which are essential part of human’s diet are usually grown with poultry litter that may have been contaminated with these pathogens.
Considering the roles plasmid play in dissemination of resistance, it is important that poultry litter be adequately treated by composting or anaerobic digesters before use.
B) campuses were used in this study. Bacterial isolates were identified by cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics following standard methods. The distribution of bacteria from poultry litter was
Escherichia coli (26.17 %), which was the most predominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (11.41 %), Streptococcus pyogenes (10.74 %), Aeromonas hydrophilia (10.07 %), klebsiella pneumonia (8.72 %),
Enterobacter aerogenes (8.05 %), Proteus mirabilis (6.71 %) Listeria monocytogenes (6.04 %), Bacillus cereus (5.37 %), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (3.36 %) and Salmonela enterica (3.36 %). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out on all isolates against 19 different antibiotics using disc diffusion methods. In order to determine the role plasmids play in resistance, curing tests were performed using Sodium dodecyl sulfate as the curing agent. The total bacterial count ranged from 5.0 x 10 -4 - 9.9 x 10 -4 cfu/g in farm A and 1.5 x 10 -4 - 8.0 x 10 -4 cfu/g in farm B. All bacterial isolates were multi-drug resistant but none of the isolates (0.00 %) were found to be resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Result also indicated that all isolates haboured resistance to one or more antibiotics on the plasmid. Poultry litters were found to contain a diversity of pathogens that haboured antibiotic resistance on plasmids. Fruits and vegetables which are essential part of human’s diet are usually grown with poultry litter that may have been contaminated with these pathogens.
Considering the roles plasmid play in dissemination of resistance, it is important that poultry litter be adequately treated by composting or anaerobic digesters before use.
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