Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Minna.North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing  nosocomial  and community infections.Increasing infections and antibiotic susceptibility  patterns of this bacteria is of great public health problem.This study was therefore carried out to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary Hospital. Standard microbiological procedures were adopted in the isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Blood agar,CLED, MacConkey agar,Cetrimide agar  and liquid Nutrient broth.Invitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined by the Bauer-Kerby method (Disc Diffusion test) using Mueller Hinton agar and inpregnated antibiotic discs. From the result of this study, the isolation rate of  Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in  clinical specimens was 13.5% (P<0.05) with the highest occurance of 7.0% in urine followed by 4.7% in wound swabs. This study shows that there is no major clinical significance in the infection rate in males(50.3%) and females (49.7%) while the pattern of spread involve all the age groups. Co – morbility factors in these study reveals a 3.9% infection rate in High Blood Pressure and 2.0% in Diabetic patients while duration of infection and antibiotic history had a major significance as 53.6% were already on antibiotics before visiting the hospital (P<0.05).The susceptibility pattern showed that 85.5% of isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin and 65.5% to pefloxacin while their MICs showed lower concentrations.Result showed a higher prevalence in in-patients (50.7%) and the isolates from in-patients reveal higher resistance to all antibiotics tested  than the isolates from out – patients, most especially Levofloxacin and Pefloxacin. The over all susceptibility data showed resistance rate of 63.2% to all antibiotics tested which calls for concern.